• poly ic microRNAs miRNAs of approximately nucleotides play

  2021-10-11

  

  microRNAs (miRNAs) of approximately 22 nucleotides play vital roles in cancer development and progression by regulating translational repression or decay of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through their binding to the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of target mRNAs with imprecise or precise compleme

• It is known that changes in cGMP levels are

  2021-10-11

  

  It is known that changes in cGMP levels are positively correlated with plant adaptation to environmental stresses. It seems that a novel group of moonlighting kinases with GC activity is particularly involved in response to biotic stress. It was shown that danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs)

• In human platelets only and isoforms of sGC are expressed

  2021-10-11

  

  In human platelets, only α1 and β1 isoforms of sGC are expressed in equimolar concentrations (3700 copies for β1, and 3500 copies for α1 per platelet) [57] [62]. sGC, is usually a heterodimer and contains heme as cofactor which is required for high-affinity NO binding and stimulation of its activity

• Previous studies have shown that Cu

  2021-10-11

  

  Previous studies have shown that Cu(I) neurotoxicity includes induction of ROS with involvement of the NF-kB pathway and apoptosis (Butterworth, 2010) and that, in its Cu(I) state, Cu(I) alters microglia phenotype and inhibits nitric oxide release (Rossi-George et al., 2012). Cu(I) has a great affin

• In plants NO production is one of

  2021-10-11

  

  In plants, NO production is one of the early responses to stress (Tossi, Lamattina, & Cassia, 2009). Usually, NO signal transduction requires the involvement of downstream signaling compounds. We further investigated the effects of cGMP on GSK-3 expression. The data showed that LY83583 (a cGMP inhib

• Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands the endog

  2021-10-11

  

  Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands, the endogenous ligands of GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81 remained elusive until recently. This is probably the result of their relatively low potencies and their metabolite character (Table 1). Traditionally, agonists of GPCRs were believed to belong t

• IC is a rat mAb

  2021-10-11

  

  IC2 is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula [127,128]. Although this mAb was discovered 30 years ago, it has only recently been used for β-cell imaging in vivo. Moore et al. used this mAb for β-cell imaging in 2001 [129]. After DTPA conjugation, IC2 was labeled with 111In. Both in vitro

• br Acknowledgements This work is supported

  2021-10-11

  

  Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies Council of Iran (CSTC, Grant No. 95P31), the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The authors wish to thank Dr. Ayat Kaeidi for his

• In contrast to short term effects long

  2021-10-11

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty ITMN-191 oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress

• ICH induced striatal lesion produced

  2021-10-11

  

  ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino hcv virus transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity following brain ischemia

• gli1 The transport of glutamate by EAAT from the extracellul

  2021-10-11

  

  The transport of glutamate by EAAT2 from the extracellular fluid into either astrocytes or endothelial cells is an unfavorable and energy-consuming process. This energy is provided by a coupled co-transport of three sodium ions, one proton, and one glutamate molecule in the counter-transport of one

• Transient forebrain ischemia in rodents induces a reduction

  2021-10-11

  

  Transient forebrain ischemia in rodents induces a reduction in expression of mRNA encoding the AMPA receptor subunit GluR265, 66, 67, 68, 69 (Fig. 3). gluR2 mRNA expression is markedly reduced in the CA1 region (the cytoskeleton region most vulnerable to ischemia-induced damage), but not in the CA3

• beta lactamase inhibitor Natural products have been always t

  2021-10-11

  

  Natural products have been always the most important and productive sources of lead compounds for the development of drugs [[15], [16], [17]]. A variety of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified from natural products, such as quercetin, resveratrol, isorhamnetin, calein C and curcumin

• In the small intestine digestion

  2021-10-11

  

  In the small intestine, digestion and azd2014 of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glucose in conditions with

• br Voltage dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous prot

  2021-10-11

  

  Voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous protein showing well conserved structural and functional properties in spite of major variations in its sequence (for review see [50]). Most of what we know about VDAC electrophysiological properties (for reviews, see [51], [52]) was initially

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