• As an inflammatory mediator histamine

  2022-01-07

  

  As an inflammatory mediator, histamine plays a pivotal role in nociceptive processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (Gemkow et al., 2009; Hough & Rice, 2011; Tiligada et al., 2009). In this respect, the participation of H3Rs in modulating pain, especially neuropathic pain, has at

• br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases IBDs including

  2022-01-06

  

  Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow

• Recently higher grade varicoceles have been reported to be

  2022-01-06

  

  Recently, higher-grade varicoceles have been reported to be associated with higher nocturia levels [20], and we observed an interesting phenomenon in which the urine volume/water intake ratio dramatically increased in the rat model of experimental left varicocele (ELV); the decreases in hypothalamic

• That MSCs release IL upon LPS stimulation

  2022-01-06

  

  That MSCs release IL-6 upon LPS stimulation or other stressful stimuli like H2O2 [43] is well-documented [44]. However, there are conflicting reports on the potential effects of this cytokine in stroke. Some studies have found that the external administration of IL-6 in ischemic animal models leads

• While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to

  2022-01-06

  

  While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to be an apoptosis marker, studies have shown that TUNEL can stain necrotic eht library [19], [20], [21]. Furthermore, DNA degradation has also been observed in necrotic cells [22]. TUNEL staining alone is therefore insufficient to distinguish apoptosis

• After the origin of the family

  2022-01-06

  

  After the origin of the family of genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon, the genes have not remained static. Not only have their sequences evolved, but also like peptides similar to glucagon (Irwin, 2001, Irwin, 2009, Irwin, 2012, Ng et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2013), the numbers of g

• The mechanism by which Piezo acts

  2022-01-06

  

  The mechanism by which Piezo1 acts in the regulation of RBC volume is not firmly established. Its curved structure implies that it is activated by an increase in membrane tension (11), a mechanism indicated by electrophysiological measurements (16). However, the RBC membrane mechanics at its physiol

• Both anxiety like behavior and

  2022-01-06

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• 98 5 Although pharmacological studies from the end of the th

  2022-01-06

  

  Although pharmacological studies from the end of the 20th century suggested that β1-AR induces a cAMP-dependent apoptosis [30], more recently it has been demonstrated that cAMP, acting through PKA, may be a crucial anti-apoptotic factor in cardiac myocytes [31]. cAMP can also stimulate PI3K, and the

• Loss of EZH function as a consequence of nonsense

  2022-01-06

  

  Loss of EZH2 function as a consequence of nonsense or frameshift mutations has also been detected in a cohort study conducted by Jankowska et al. in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients, as an early event in cancer development [43]. Although, a recent study in Japan described increased le

• Histamine H and H receptor expression is

  2022-01-06

  

  Histamine H2 and H3 receptor expression is altered in the STF 31 of Hdc mice (Chepkova et al, 2012, Fitzsimons and et al, 2001). Because these mice lack HA, expression of HA receptors might be thought to be irrelevant. This is not the case in Hdc heterozygotes, however, or in patients with a hetero

• The newest histamine receptor to be discovered is the H

  2022-01-06

  

  The newest histamine receptor to be discovered is the H4 receptor, which was identified in humans and cloned in 2000 (Thurmond, 2010). Genetically, the H4 receptor is closely related to the H3 receptor, but is restricted to E-64-c within the spleen, intestines and thymus, and to immune cells such a

• SAR405 In addition to acting as the gatekeeper

  2022-01-06

  

  In addition to acting as the gatekeeper for the metabolic and antioxidant roles of glucose, HKs have also been found to regulate mPTP opening directly. First described in the cancer field, the high-affinity HK isoforms HK1 and HK2 are strongly anti-apoptotic when bound to the outer mitochondrial mem

• br AURK Functions br Concluding Remarks The

  2022-01-05

  

  AURK Functions Concluding Remarks The AURKs are crucial regulators of cell division; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which these kinases function in meiosis. Recent work has begun to chip away at the specific roles that each of the kinases play; however, as more is uncovered,

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-01-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the current study presented the first evidence that GPR40, also named FFAR1, played an essential role in bone formation and mediated HMPL-013 receptor induced osteogenic effect via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that

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