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Despite their different effects on cell
2024-10-10
Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, ex
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TNP-470 receptor The transcription factor activator protein
2024-10-10
The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor whose activity is controlled by agents that perturb intracellular thiol concentrations [10,11]. AP-1 is mainly composed of Jun, Fos, and ATF protein dimers [12,13]. AP-1 mediates the regulation of numerous
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Therefore in the present study we
2024-10-10
Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP 74 in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downregulation on the in
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With wide spread use of corticosteroids to combat
2024-10-10
With wide-spread use of corticosteroids to combat inflammation and allergies, even children are susceptible to corticosteroid-induced muscle wasting. Although non-steroidal SGRMs that spare muscle and bone, but have significant anti-inflammatory effects, have been preclinically developed and tested,
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br Introduction Several studies have
2024-10-10
Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and pcr kit metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kinases (PI3 K, an upstream
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It is also possible that adrenoceptor activation
2024-10-10
It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller CC-10004 through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration of bri
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MK-0752 However for a molecular target to be useful
2024-10-09
However, for a molecular target to be useful in AD, it must rescue behavioral as well as biochemical insults. In humans, AD memory impairments typically declare themselves initially as disruption of episodic memory and consolidation of new memories, eventually progressing to global cognitive decline
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The authors thank Dr J Aoki
2024-10-09
The authors thank Dr. J. Aoki, University of Tokyo, for kindly providing 5E5-ATX antibody. This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to A.E.K. (KR4391/1-1), research grants “Primary sclerosing cholangitis” from the Deutsche Crohn-Colitis-Vereinigung and the Norwegia
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Tubastatin A br Conclusion br List of abbreviations br Ackno
2024-10-09
Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S
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Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting
2024-10-09
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling
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The ambiguity surrounding the role played by the
2024-10-09
The ambiguity surrounding the role played by the 15-LOXs in malignant biological processes stems also from the limitations of current animal models, and especially the usage of its 12/15-LOX murine homolog, which can also catalyze the production of 12-HETE. Indeed, the proinflammatory effect of 12-H
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br The role of LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy
2024-10-09
The role of 12/15-LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy is a process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomal to degrade the damaged organelles and proteins to facilitate nutrient recycling (Towers and Thorburn, 2016). There has been characterized three types of autophagy-macroautophagy, m
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br The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present
2024-10-09
The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th
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PF-00562271 br Introduction Natural antioxidants in vegetabl
2024-10-09
Introduction Natural antioxidants, in vegetables, have gained the attention of both researchers and consumers. Vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) is a good source of minerals, vitamins, phenolics, and carotenoids; it also contains betalains, a nitrogen containing group of natural pigments,
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These PrPIF are detected in untreated brain extracts but are
2024-10-09
These PrPIF are detected in untreated MTT assay kit for rapid and accurate results extracts but are consistently enriched following proteinase K (PK) treatment. The biochemical characterization of pathologic PrP has been carried out in most hereditary PrP cerebral amyloidosis associated with PrP mut
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